Somawathiya Temple Sri Lanka is one of the island's most sacred and mysterious Buddhist sites. Nestled on the left bank of the Mahaweli River - Sri Lanka's longest river - this ancient stupa is the only temple in the world that enshrines the sacred Right Tooth Relic of the Buddha.
Located deep inside Somawathiya National Park, the journey to the temple is an adventure in itself passing through elephant-filled jungle where wild elephants roam freely. The temple is famous for its reported miracles, drawing pilgrims and curious travelers from across the country.
This complete Somawathiya Temple travel guide covers everything you need to know - the history of the right tooth relic, the legendary princess Somawathi, how to reach the temple, critical safety tips about wild elephants, and what makes this site so special.
Location: Left bank of Mahaweli River, Somawathiya National Park, Polonnaruwa District, Sri Lanka
Known for: The sacred Right Tooth Relic of the Buddha
Built by: Prince Giri Abhaya (2nd century BC)
Dedicated to: Princess Somawathi (sister of King Kavantissa)
Unique feature: Only stupa in Sri Lanka enshrining the right tooth relic
National Park: Somawathiya National Park
Best time to visit: June – September (dry season)
Recommended stay: Half-day trip from Polonnaruwa or Minneriya
Pooja times: 11:00 AM (morning) and evening
Table of Contents
- What Is Somawathiya Temple?
- History of Somawathiya Temple
- The Legend of Princess Somawathi
- The Sacred Right Tooth Relic
- Miracles & Legends of Somawathiya
- Best Time to Visit
- Things to Do at Somawathiya
- Visit the Stupa & Pooja Times
- Explore Somawathiya National Park
- Mahaweli River Boat Ride
- Archaeological Museum & Research Institute
- Nearby Ancient Sites
- Critical Safety Warning: Wild Elephants
- How to Reach Somawathiya Temple
- Where to Stay
- Somawathiya Itineraries
- Essential Travel Tips
- Frequently Asked Questions
- More Sri Lanka Guides
What Is Somawathiya Temple?
Somawathiya Temple (Somawathiya Chetiya) is an ancient Buddhist stupa located on the left bank of the Mahaweli River in north‑central Sri Lanka. It is one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites in the country, revered for enshrining the Right Tooth Relic of the Buddha — a distinction held by no other temple in Sri Lanka.
The temple is situated deep inside Somawathiya National Park, surrounded by dense jungle and teeming with wildlife. The journey to the temple is as memorable as the destination itself, with the road passing through some of Sri Lanka's most pristine wilderness.
The stupa is named after Princess Somawathi, the sister of King Kavantissa and wife of Prince Giri Abhaya, who built the temple in the 2nd century BC.
Somawathiya offers a unique combination of sacred Buddhist heritage (the right tooth relic), wildlife adventure (the national park setting), and peaceful natural beauty (the Mahaweli River). It's a hidden gem that remains off the beaten path.
History of Somawathiya Temple
The history of Somawathiya Temple dates back to the 2nd century BC, during the reign of King Kavantissa of the Ruhuna Kingdom. The king's sister, Princess Somawathi, was married to Prince Giri Abhaya, the son of King Saddhatissa and nephew of King Dutugemunu.
According to the Mahavamsa (the great chronicle of Sri Lankan history), Prince Giri Abhaya constructed the Somawathiya Chetiya to enshrine the sacred right tooth relic of the Buddha. He named the stupa after his wife, Princess Somawathi.
The temple flourished as a major Buddhist centre for centuries. However, like many ancient sites, it fell into disrepair during times of political instability and foreign invasions. In recent decades, the temple has been restored and has regained its status as an important pilgrimage site.
In 2024, President Ranil Wickremesinghe initiated further development of the temple, including the construction of a modern museum and research institute, highlighting the site's enduring cultural and spiritual significance.
The Legend of Princess Somawathi
The story of Princess Somawathi is one of love, devotion, and royalty. She was the beloved sister of King Kavantissa, who ruled the Ruhuna Kingdom in the southern part of Sri Lanka.
Princess Somawathi married Prince Giri Abhaya, a nobleman from the Anuradhapura kingdom. According to legend, the couple were deeply devoted to Buddhism and wished to build a great stupa to enshrine the sacred right tooth relic of the Buddha.
Prince Giri Abhaya chose a beautiful location on the banks of the Mahaweli River, deep in the forest, and constructed the stupa. He named it Somawathiya in honour of his wife, ensuring that her name would be remembered for eternity.
The name "Somawathiya" translates to "belonging to Somawathi" — a lasting tribute to a princess whose devotion to Buddhism created one of Sri Lanka's most sacred sites.
The Sacred Right Tooth Relic
Somawathiya Temple is the only stupa in Sri Lanka that enshrines the right canine tooth relic of the Buddha. This is a significant distinction — the more famous Temple of the Tooth in Kandy enshrines the left canine tooth relic.
According to Buddhist tradition, the right tooth relic was brought to Sri Lanka from India during the early centuries of Buddhism. It was entrusted to Prince Giri Abhaya, who enshrined it inside the Somawathiya Chetiya along with several other sacred relics.
The relic is kept in a golden casket inside the stupa. Pilgrims visit the temple to pay homage to the relic, especially during the pooja ceremonies held at 11:00 AM and in the evening.
The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy enshrines the left tooth relic. Somawathiya Temple is the only place in the world where the right tooth relic is venerated — making it a truly unique pilgrimage destination.
Miracles & Legends of Somawathiya
The Somawathiya Chetiya is very famous in recent history due to the miracles which have taken place at the temple, attracting pilgrims from across the country. One of the most frequently reported miracles is the appearance of a mysterious light emanating from the stupa during special occasions.
Many devotees believe that the light is a sign of the Buddha's presence and a blessing upon those who visit the site with faith and devotion.
There are numerous accounts of healing miracles reported by pilgrims who have visited Somawathiya. Many believers claim that prayers offered at the stupa have helped them overcome illnesses, personal challenges, and difficulties.
These stories have contributed to the temple's reputation as a place of spiritual power and devotion, drawing thousands of pilgrims each year.
Best Time to Visit Somawathiya Temple
The best time to visit Somawathiya Temple is during the dry season from June to September. During these months, the roads are dry and accessible, and wildlife (including elephants) come to the river to drink water, increasing your chances of spotting them.
January to May can also be suitable, but road conditions may vary. Avoid the rainy season from October to December — the roads become muddy and impassable, and the area is prone to flooding.
Pooja times at the temple are at 11:00 AM (morning) and in the evening. Plan your visit to coincide with these times for a more meaningful experience.
Things to Do at Somawathiya Temple
Somawathiya Temple offers a unique blend of spiritual and wildlife experiences. Here are the must‑do activities:
1. Visit the Stupa & Attend Pooja
The Somawathiya Stupa is the centrepiece of the temple complex. It is a large white stupa with a golden spire, surrounded by a beautifully landscaped courtyard. The stupa is where the sacred Right Tooth Relic is enshrined.
Pooja ceremonies are held twice daily:
- Morning: 11:00 AM — Participate in offerings to the tooth relic
- Evening: Sunset (around 6:00 PM) — A serene atmosphere with chanting
During the pooja, you can make offerings of flowers, incense, and oil lamps. The rhythmic chanting of monks creates a deeply spiritual atmosphere.
2. Explore Somawathiya National Park
Somawathiya Temple is located inside Somawathiya National Park, a protected area known for its rich biodiversity. The park is home to:
- Wild elephants — the park's most famous residents
- Birds — over 100 species including migratory birds
- Monkeys, deer, and wild boar
- Rare flora — tropical dry zone vegetation
The road to the temple passes through the park, offering excellent opportunities for wildlife spotting. Keep your camera ready and your eyes open — you never know what you might see.
Early morning (6:00–8:00 AM) and late afternoon (4:00–6:00 PM) are the best times for wildlife viewing. Animals are most active during these hours when the temperature is cooler.
3. Mahaweli River Boat Ride
The Mahaweli River — Sri Lanka's longest river — flows right past Somawathiya Temple. A boat ride on the river offers a different perspective of the temple and the surrounding wilderness.
You can enjoy:
- Spectacular views of the stupa from the water
- Wildlife spotting along the riverbanks
- Peaceful sunset views over the water
Local boat operators are available near the temple. Negotiate the price before boarding (typically LKR 2,000–5,000 for a 30‑minute ride).
4. Visit the Archaeological Museum & Research Institute
In 2024, a modern museum and research institute was inaugurated at Somawathiya Temple by President Ranil Wickremesinghe. The museum displays:
- Ancient artifacts found at the site
- Historical records and inscriptions
- Information about the temple's history and significance
- The story of the right tooth relic
The museum adds an educational dimension to your visit, helping you understand the deep historical and cultural significance of the site.
5. Explore Nearby Ancient Sites
The region around Somawathiya is rich in ancient heritage. You can combine your visit with:
- Kaludiya Pokuna (Black Water Pond) — ancient forest monastery with 18 meditation caves
- Katusaya Pokuna, Sinha Pokuna, and Naga Pokuna — other ancient ponds in the area
- Sigiriya Rock Fortress — the iconic Lion Rock
- Polonnaruwa — the medieval capital with its royal palace and temples
⚠️ CRITICAL SAFETY WARNING: Wild Elephants
The road to Somawathiya Temple passes through elephant-filled jungle. Wild elephants roam the area freely, especially at night. DO NOT drive between 6 PM and 6 AM — this is when elephants are most active and difficult to spot in the dark.
- Only drive during daylight hours (6 AM – 6 PM)
- Drive slowly — elephants can cross the road without warning
- Keep car windows closed when passing through jungle sections
- Do not honk the horn — it can startle elephants and provoke them
- Maintain a safe distance — never approach or feed wild elephants
- If an elephant is blocking the road, wait patiently until it moves
Always follow the advice of your driver, guide, or local authorities. Your safety depends on respecting the wildlife and following these rules.
How to Reach Somawathiya Temple
From Polonnaruwa (approx. 30 km):
- By car/taxi: The most convenient option — hire a private vehicle from Polonnaruwa. The journey takes about 1.5 hours.
- By bus: Take a bus from Polonnaruwa to Hingurakgoda, then another to Sungavila. From Sungavila, the temple is 10 km further.
- By tuk-tuk: Available in Polonnaruwa — negotiate the price and ensure the driver knows the route.
From Minneriya:
- Travel via Hingurakgoda to Sungavila. From Sungavila, continue 10 km to the temple.
From Anuradhapura (approx. 80 km):
- Drive via Habarana and Minneriya, then follow the directions above.
Important: Start your journey early (no later than 2 PM) to ensure you can return before dark. Do not travel the road after 6 PM due to the wild elephant danger.
Where to Stay Near Somawathiya
There is no accommodation at Somawathiya Temple itself. The best options are in nearby towns:
- Polonnaruwa ($20–100/night): The most convenient base — a range of guesthouses, hotels, and resorts. Popular options include Hotel Sudu Araliya, The Lake Hotel, and Giritale Hotel.
- Minneriya ($25–80/night): Closer to the park, with safari lodges and eco‑resorts. Great for wildlife enthusiasts.
- Habarana ($15–50/night): A popular tourist hub with budget and mid‑range options. Easy access to Sigiriya and Polonnaruwa.
Book in advance during the dry season (June–September) and the festive period (December–January).
Somawathiya Itineraries
Half‑Day Trip from Polonnaruwa
- 7:00 AM — Depart from Polonnaruwa
- 8:30 AM — Arrive at Somawathiya Temple
- 9:00 AM — Explore the stupa and museum
- 10:30 AM — Visit the Mahaweli River (boat ride optional)
- 11:00 AM — Attend the morning pooja ceremony
- 12:00 PM — Depart for Polonnaruwa
- 1:30 PM — Return to Polonnaruwa for lunch
Full‑Day Trip (Somawathiya + Kaludiya Pokuna)
7:00 AM: Depart from Polonnaruwa
8:30 AM – 12:00 PM: Visit Somawathiya Temple (stupa, pooja, boat ride)
12:00 – 1:00 PM: Lunch en route
1:30 – 3:00 PM: Visit Kaludiya Pokuna (Black Water Pond)
4:00 PM: Return to Polonnaruwa
3‑Day Cultural Triangle + Somawathiya Itinerary
Day 1: Arrive in Sigiriya — visit Sigiriya Rock Fortress
Day 2: Polonnaruwa Ancient City — explore the medieval capital
Day 3: Somawathiya Temple + Kaludiya Pokuna — the spiritual & hidden gems
Essential Travel Tips
- ⚠️ Safety first: DO NOT drive the road to Somawathiya after 6 PM. Wild elephants are a serious danger.
- Start early: Leave Polonnaruwa by 7:00 AM to allow plenty of time for the journey and exploration.
- Carry water & snacks: There are limited facilities at the temple — bring your own refreshments.
- Dress respectfully: The temple is a sacred site — wear modest clothing that covers shoulders and knees.
- Remove shoes: You must remove your shoes before entering the stupa area.
- Bring cash: There is no ATM at the temple — bring cash for donations, boat rides, and any purchases.
- Use insect repellent: The forest environment has mosquitoes — protect yourself.
- Book transport in advance: If hiring a taxi, confirm the driver knows the route and will wait for your return.
- Respect wildlife: Keep a safe distance from elephants and other animals. Do not feed or provoke them.
- Check weather conditions: Avoid visiting during heavy rain — the roads can become impassable.
Frequently Asked Questions About Somawathiya Temple
What is Somawathiya Temple known for?
Somawathiya Temple is known for enshrining the sacred Right Tooth Relic of the Buddha — the only stupa in Sri Lanka with this distinction. It is also famous for reported miracles and its location inside Somawathiya National Park.
Where is Somawathiya Temple located?
The temple is located on the left bank of the Mahaweli River, inside Somawathiya National Park, approximately 30 km from Polonnaruwa in north‑central Sri Lanka.
Is it safe to drive to Somawathiya Temple?
Yes, but only during daylight hours (6 AM – 6 PM). The road passes through elephant‑filled jungle, and wild elephants roam the roads at night. Do NOT drive between 6 PM and 6 AM.
What is the best time to visit Somawathiya Temple?
The best time is during the dry season from June to September when the roads are dry and wildlife is visible. Avoid the rainy season from October to December.
Is Somawathiya Temple worth visiting?
Absolutely. It offers a unique combination of sacred Buddhist heritage (the right tooth relic), wildlife adventure (the national park), and peaceful river scenery — all in an off‑the‑beaten‑path setting.
Can I visit Somawathiya Temple and Kaludiya Pokuna in one day?
Yes, with a full day from Polonnaruwa or Sigiriya. Visit Somawathiya in the morning (including pooja), have lunch en route, and visit Kaludiya Pokuna in the afternoon.
What are the pooja times at Somawathiya Temple?
Morning pooja is at 11:00 AM, and evening pooja is at sunset (around 6:00 PM). Visiting during these times allows you to participate in the offerings and experience the spiritual atmosphere.
Are there any miracles associated with Somawathiya Temple?
Yes, the temple is famous for reported miracles, including a mysterious light emanating from the stupa and accounts of healing miracles. These stories have made it a popular pilgrimage site.
